000			02658nab a22002777a 4500
003			PILC
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040			_cMANILA TYTANA COLLEGES LIBRARY
100			_aLahteenmaki, Mikko.
245			_aAffective processing requires awareness / _cMikko Lahteenmaki, Jukka Hyona, Mika Koivisto, Lauri Nummenmaa
260			_cApril 2015
336			_atxt
337			_aunmediated
338			_avolumes
440			_aJournal of Experimental Psychology : General _n144 : 2, page 339-365
520			_aStudies using backward masked emotional stimuli suggest that affective processing may occur outside visual awareness and imply primacy of affective over semantic processing, yet these experiments have not strictly controlled for the participants' awareness of the stimuli. Here we directly compared the primacy of affective versus semantic categorization of biologically relevant stimuli in 5 experiments (n = 178) using explicit (semantic and affective discrimination; Experiments 1-3) and implicit (semantic and affective priming; Experiments 4-5) measures. The same stimuli were used in semantic and affective tasks. Visual awareness was manipulated by varying exposure duration of the masked stimuli, and subjective level of stimulus awareness was measured after each trial using a 4-point perceptual awareness scale. When participants reported no awareness of the stimuli, semantic and affective categorization were at chance level and priming scores did not differ from zero. When participants were even partially aware of the stimuli, (a) both semantic and affective categorization could be performed above chance level with equal accuracy, (b) semantic categorization was faster than affective categorization, and (c) both semantic and affective priming were observed. Affective categorization speed was linearly dependent on semantic categorization speed, suggesting dependence of affective processing on semantic recognition. Manipulations of affective and semantic categorization tasks revealed a hierarchy of categorization operations beginning with basic-level semantic categorization and ending with superordinate level affective categorization. We conclude that both implicit and explicit affective and semantic categorization is dependent on visual awareness, and that affective recognition follows semantic categorization.
521			_aPsychology
650			_aSemantics.
650			_aHuman information processing.
650			_aPsychology, Comparative.
650			_aQuantitative research.
650			_aPerception.
942			_cA _2lcc
998			_c79579 _d137942
999			_c76590 _d76590